1874 entry into the Friedrich Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, where he received the M.D. in 1878; state board examinations in 1880; 1881work as military surgeon; 1887 promotion to captain; further training at the Pharmacological institute in Bonn; 1889 assistant to Robert Koch at the Institute for Hygiene in Berlin; development of the serum therapy against diphteria and tetanus , together with Shibasaburo Kitasato and Erich Wehrnicke; 1894 associate professor in Halle; 1895 professor of hygiene within the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Marburg; 1901 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.
