1834 studied in Tübingen, where he received his M.D.; 1840-42 assistant of Zeller in Winnenthal; 1842 private practice; 1843 assistant of Wunderlich; habilitation 1843; 1847 associate professor; 1849 director Poliklinik, Kiel; 1850 director of a medical school in Kairo and president of the sanitary commission there; 1852 privatier in Stuttgart; 1854 became Wunderlich's successor at the hospital in Tübingen; 1860 director of the hospital in Zürich; 1865 director of the psychiatric department at the Charité, Berlin.
