Studies at the Faculty of Medicine of Paris; 1848 intern in the Hôpitaux; 1853 M.D. with a doctoral thesis on gout and chronic rheumatism; 1856-60 physician at Central Hospital bureau; 1860 agrégé; 1862 resident doctor at the Salpêtrière hospital, where he created a major neurological department; 1872 appointed professor of anatomical pathology at the Paris Faculty of Medicine; 1882 chair for the study of nervous disorders at the Salpêtrière clinic under Joseph Babinski; 1889 honorary president of the First International Congress of Psychology.
