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Dog

  Figures   1: Brehm, Alfred Edmund (1864); 2: Cyon, Elie de (1876);
 
Description Source Text

Dogs are rather diurnal than nocturnal creatures, although they are equally well adapted to both day and night and can likewise be alert and agile in both periods of the day.

Sociability is a fundamental trait of their character and it has a decisive influence on their habits.

They eat everything that humans also eat: food of animal origin as well as of vegetal origin, raw food not less than processed food. However, they particularly enjoy meat; in fact, they even prefer slightly rotten meat over fresh meat.

Dogs excel in running and swimming, and to some extent in climbing too, but they cannot walk on steep slopes with ease or without feeling dizzy.

Every dog likes to sleep a lot, though in short spans. Their sleep is very light and agitated and it is often accompanied by dreams, of which they show signs by waving their tails, twitching, growling, and barking gently.

Dogs’ senses are sharp, but not equally developed throughout the different races. The sense of smell, hearing and sight seem to rank first and, in fact, some dogs outstand due to better hearing, while other dogs due to a better sense of smell.

Their sense of smell is prodigiously developed and attains such a high level that one can barely fathom it.

Sixty-three days after mating the female dog delivers, in a dark place, three to ten puppies, usually four to six, though in extremely rare cases fifteen or even twenty of them. The puppies are born with front teeth, but they remain blind for ten to twelve days.
  Source: Brehm, Alfred Edmund. 1864. Illustrirtes Thierleben: eine allgemeine Kunde des Thierreichs. Erster Band. Erste Abtheilung: Die Säugethiere. Erste Hälfte: Affen und Halbaffen, Flatterthiere und Raubthiere. view the source
  Related Documents   Anonymous [n.d.]. Versuche an überlebenden Organen
Anonymous [n.d.]. Bedingte Reflexe bei Tieren (Pawlow)
Schütz [n.d.]. Freilegung des Herzens am Hunde 
  Sites   Department of Physiological Chemistry, Yale University (1925)
Physiological Institute, University of Turin (1894)
Department of Physiology, University of Leeds (1928)
Physiological Institute, University of Marburg (1887)
Biological Bulding, McGill University (1926)
Physiological Institute, University of Berlin (1886)
Physiological Institute, University of Leipzig (1870)
Physiological Institute, University of Budapest (1882)
Physiological Institute, University of Berlin (1882)
Physiological Institute, University of Munich (1870)
Physiological Institute, University of Heidelberg (1858)
Physiological Institute, University of Leipzig (1909)
Physiological Institute, University of Heidelberg (1883)
Laboratory for Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1925)
Physiological Institute, University of Budapest (1877)
Physiological Laboratory, Utrecht University (1872)
Physiological Institute, University of Berlin (1890)
Physiological Institute, University of Budapest (1880)
Institute of Physiology, University of Copenhagen (1930)
Institute of Physiology, University of Buenos Aires (1930)
Department of Physiology, University of Michigan (1930)
Physiological Laboratory, University of Amsterdam (1932)
Institute of Physiology, University of Louvain (1927)
Institute of Physiology, University of Marburg (1890)
Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna (1927)
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Manitoba (1928)
Department of Physiology, Peking Union Medical College (1926)
Department of Physiology, American University of Beirut (1932)
Department of Physiology, University of Chicago (1931)
Institute of Physiology, University of Belgrade (1930)
Department of Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine (1932)
International Physiological Laboratory, Capanna Regina Margherita on Monte Rosa (1904)
Grand Ducal Saxon Veterinary Institute (1917)
  Instruments   Respiratory cannula for dogs (1876)
Respiratory cannula for dogs (1876)
Stand for dogs (1876)
? Splint for concentrating (?) dogs (1882)
Tracheal cannula for dogs (1891)
Gastric fistula cannula for dogs (1891)
?Head holder for rabbits, guinea pigs and little young dogs according to Doc. (?)Dr. Steinach? (1893)
Object stage according to Thoma, for microscopic examinations into the blood circulation into the mesentery of dogs and rabbits (1910)
Tracheotomy cannula according to Ludwig, for dogs, in three sizes, dividable by a screw joint, so that connection- and cleaning operations are simplified; 0,075 kg. (1923)
Operating table for small dogs and cats, bigger model; with head support etc.; 6,180 kg. (1923)
Oncometer according to Roy (Lgdff. 242) for registrating the volume change of dog's kidney. 0,160 kg. (1923)
  Experiments   Effects of opium on the blood pulse (1876)
Effects of sound on the blood pulse (1880)
Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on the heart beat (1875)
  Further Reading:   - Weyer, Edward M. 1895. Some experiments on the reaction-time of a dog. Studies from the Yale Psychological Laboratory 3: 96-97
- Baskoff, A. 1909. Über Lecithin und Jecorin der Leber normaler und mit Alkohol vergifteter Hunde. Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie 62: 162-172
- Cohnstein, W. 1895. Hermann Munk: Über den Hund ohne Großhirn. (Vortrag in der Berliner physiologischen Gesellschaft. S. Verhandlungen S 65 ff.) Du Bois' Archiv 1894. S. 355-369. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane 8: 430-432
- Grafe, E. und D. Graham. 1911. Über die Anpassungsfähigkeit des tierischen Organismus an überreichliche Nahrungszufuhr. (Nach Versuchen am Hunde). Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie 73: 1-67
- Pfungst, O. 1922. Zur Psychologie des Hundes. In: Bericht über den VII. Kongreß für experimentelle Psychologie, edited by Karl Bühler, 162-164. Jena: Verlag von Gustav Fischer
 
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